DTMCash: explorando redundância de viewports de usuários para otimização de streaming de vídeo 360º

• Gustavo Dias UFG
• Luciano de S. Fraga UFG
• Kleber V. Cardoso UFG
• Sand L. Correa UFG

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2024.1414

Resumo

O avanço das tecnologias imersivas, como Realidade Aumentada (AR) e Realidade Virtual (VR), trouxe desafios significativos na transmissão de vídeos em 360°, com requisitos crescentes de largura de banda e baixa latência devido ao tamanho dos quadros. Nossa proposta, o DTMCash, destaca-se ao enfrentar esses desafios por meio da adoção de tiles dinâmicos e da combinação dos viewports dos usuários, abordando eficazmente a questão da transmissão em cenários multi-usuário. Comparado a uma solução estado-da-arte, nossa solução reduz o consumo de largura de banda agregada do enlace de Internet em pelo menos 48.2%, enquanto mantém o mesmo consumo no enlace sem fio, proporcionando também maior economia no uso de cache.

Referências

Cao, J., Lam, K.-Y., Lee, L.-H., Liu, X., Hui, P., and Su, X. (2023). Mobile Augmented Reality: User Interfaces, Frameworks, and Intelligence. ACM Comput. Surv., 55(9).

Hsu, C.-H. (2020). MEC-Assisted FoV-Aware and QoE-Driven Adaptive 360° Video Streaming for Virtual Reality. In 2020 16th International Conference on Mobility, Sensing and Networking (MSN), pages 291–298.

Li, J., Wen, Z., Li, S., Zhao, Y., Guo, B., and Wen, J. (2016). Novel tile segmentation scheme for omnidirectional video. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pages 370–374.

Liu, L., Zhong, R., Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., and Gruteser, M. (2018). Cutting the Cord: Designing a High-Quality Untethered VR System with Low Latency Remote Rendering. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys ’18), page 68–80.

Lo, W.-C., Huang, C.-Y., and Hsu, C.-H. (2018). Edge-Assisted Rendering of 360° Videos Streamed to Head-Mounted Virtual Reality. In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM), pages 44–51.

Madarasingha, C. and Thilakarathna, K. (2021). Vastile: Viewport adaptive scalable 360-degree video frame tiling. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM ’21, page 4555–4563, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Madarasingha, C., Thilakarathna, K., and Zomaya, A. (2022). Opcash: Optimized utilization of mec cache for 360-degree video streaming with dynamic tiling. In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (Per-Com), pages 34–43. IEEE.

Nasrabadi, A. T., Samiei, A., Mahzari, A., McMahan, R. P., Prakash, R., Farias, M. C. Q., and Carvalho, M. M. (2019). A taxonomy and dataset for 360° videos. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys ’19, page 273–278, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.

Ozcinar, C., Cabrera, J., and Smolic, A. (2019). Visual Attention-Aware Omnidirectional Video Streaming Using Optimal Tiles for Virtual Reality. IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 9(1):217–230.

Papaioannou, G. and Koutsopoulos, I. (2019). Tile-based Caching Optimization for 360° Videos. In Proceedings of the Twentieth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, pages 171–180.

Qian, F., Han, B., Xiao, Q., and Gopalakrishnan, V. (2018). Flare: Practical Viewport-Adaptive 360-Degree Video Streaming for Mobile Devices. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom ’18), page 99–114.

van der Hooft, J., Amirpour, H., Vega, M. T., Sanchez, Y., Schatz, R., Schierl, T., and Timmerer, C. (2023). A Tutorial on Immersive Video Delivery: From Omnidirectional Video to Holography. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(2):1336–1375.

Wu, D., Yang, Z., Zhang, P., Wang, R., Yang, B., and Ma, X. (2023). Virtual-Reality Interpromotion Technology for Metaverse: A Survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(18):15788–15809.

Yao, J., Han, T., and Ansari, N. (2019). On mobile edge caching. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(3):2525–2553.

Yaqoob, A., Bi, T., and Muntean, G.-M. (2020). A Survey on Adaptive 360° Video Streaming: Solutions, Challenges and Opportunities. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 22(4):2801–2838.

Zhou, C., Xiao, M., and Liu, Y. (2018). ClusTile: Toward Minimizing Bandwidth in 360-degree Video Streaming. In IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, pages 962–970.