Posicionamento e Encadeamento em NFV: Como Lidar Quando o Plano de Dados é Programável e Multi-Tenant?
Resumo
A Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV) tornou-se fundamental para o provisionamento escalável de serviços de redes, e o posicionamento e encadeamento de funções de rede (VNFPC) assume um papel crítico nesse contexto. Apesar da intensa atividade de pesquisa em VNFPC, as soluções existentes não consideram que o plano de dados pode ser programável e multi-tenant. Por um lado, algumas funções de rede customizadas podem necessitar de mecanismos como in-band telemetry ou de protocolos também customizados implementados em switches programáveis ao longo do caminho na rede. Por outro lado, a implantação de switches para atender às necessidades de funções de rede específicas pode afetar também os demais fluxos na rede. Neste artigo, discutimos a nova camada de complexidade que a programabilidade do plano de dados adiciona ao VNFPC, e propomos uma primeira solução a esse problema, a qual explora multi-tenancy em switches programáveis para escalonar switches virtuais que processam os fluxos de funções de rede.
Palavras-chave:
SDN, NFV, P4, PDP
Referências
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Dietrich, D., Abujoda, A., Rizk, A., and Papadimitriou, P. (2017). Multi-provider service chain embedding with Nestor. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 14(1):91–105.
ETSI (2023). Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Terminology for Main Concepts in NFV. [link].
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Li, Z. and Yang, Y. (2018). Placement of virtual network functions in hybrid data center networks. IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems, 4(4):861–873.
Lodi, A., Martello, S., and Vigo, D. (2004). Models and bounds for two-dimensional level packing problems. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 8.
Luizelli, M. C., Bays, L. R., Buriol, L. S., Barcellos, M. P., and Gaspary, L. P. (2015). Piecing together the NFV provisioning puzzle: Efficient placement and chaining of virtual network functions. In 2015 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM), pages 98–106. IEEE.
Luizelli, M. C., da Costa Cordeiro, W. L., Buriol, L. S., and Gaspary, L. P. (2017a). A fix-and-optimize approach for efficient and large scale virtual network function placement and chaining. Computer Communications, 102:67–77.
Luizelli, M. C., da Costa Cordeiro, W. L., Buriol, L. S., and Gaspary, L. P. (2017b). A fix-and-optimize approach for efficient and large scale virtual network function placement and chaining. Computer Communications, 102:67–77.
McKeown, N., Anderson, T., Balakrishnan, H., Parulkar, G., Peterson, L., Rexford, J., Shenker, S., and Turner, J. (2008). OpenFlow: enabling innovation in campus networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 38(2):69–74.
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Moens, H. and De Turck, F. (2014). VNF-P: A model for efficient placement of virtualized network functions. In 10th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) and Workshop, pages 418–423. IEEE.
Pietrobuoni, E. (2015). Two-dimensional bin packing problem with guillotine restrictions.
Ribeiro, G., Pedrosa, L., Signorello, S., and Ramos, F. M. V. (2024). Internet architecture evolution: Found in translation. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets ’24, pages 300–307. Association for Computing Machinery.
Saquetti, M., Bueno, G., Cordeiro, W., and Azambuja, J. R. (2020). P4VBox: Enabling P4-based switch virtualization. IEEE Communications Letters, 24(1):146–149.
Schardong, F., Nunes, I., and Schaeffer-Filho, A. (2021). NFV resource allocation: A systematic review and taxonomy of VNF forwarding graph embedding. Computer Networks, 185:107726.
Sherry, J., Hasan, S., Scott, C., Krishnamurthy, A., Ratnasamy, S., and Sekar, V. (2012). Making middleboxes someone else’s problem: Network processing as a cloud service. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 42(4):13–24.
Sivaraman, V., Narayana, S., Rottenstreich, O., Muthukrishnan, S., and Rexford, J. (2017). Heavy-hitter detection entirely in the data plane. In Proceedings of the Symposium on SDN Research, SOSR ’17, pages 164–176. Association for Computing Machinery.
Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, F., Wang, H., Xu, X., and Li, Y. (2022). A survey on the placement of virtual network functions. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 202:103361.
Turner, J. S. and Taylor, D. E. (2005). Diversifying the internet. In GLOBECOM’05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005., volume 2, pages 6–pp. IEEE.
Vieira, M. A., Castanho, M. S., Pacífico, R. D., Santos, E. R., Júnior, E. P. C., and Vieira, L. F. (2020). Fast packet processing with eBPF and XDP: Concepts, code, challenges, and applications. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 53(1):1–36.
Wang, Y., Nguyen, L., and Hu, Q. (2023). Network function virtualization in elastic optical networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 41(16):5183–5192.
Xia, M., Shirazipour, M., Zhang, Y., Green, H., and Takacs, A. (2015). Network function placement for NFV chaining in packet/optical data centers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 33(8):1565–1570.
Bezerra, V. M., Leao, A. A., Oliveira, J. F., and Santos, M. O. (2020). Models for the two-dimensional level strip packing problem–a review and a computational evaluation. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 71(4):606–627.
Bosshart, P., Daly, D., Gibb, G., Izzard, M., McKeown, N., Rexford, J., Schlesinger, C., Talayco, D., Vahdat, A., Varghese, G., et al. (2014). P4: Programming protocol-independent packet processors. ACM SIGCOMM CCR, 44(3):87–95.
Bueno, G., Saquetti, M., Rodrigues, P., Lamb, I., Gaspary, L., Luizelli, M. C., Zhani, M. F., Azambuja, J. R., and Cordeiro, W. (2022). Managing virtual programmable switches: Principles, requirements, and design directions. IEEE Communications Magazine, 60(2):53–59.
Cohen, R., Lewin-Eytan, L., Naor, J. S., and Raz, D. (2015). Near optimal placement of virtual network functions. In 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pages 1346–1354. IEEE.
Cordeiro, W., Marques, J., and Gaspary, L. P. (2017). Data plane programmability beyond OpenFlow: Opportunities and challenges for network and service operations and management. Journal of Network and Systems Management, 25:784–818.
Dietrich, D., Abujoda, A., Rizk, A., and Papadimitriou, P. (2017). Multi-provider service chain embedding with Nestor. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 14(1):91–105.
ETSI (2023). Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Terminology for Main Concepts in NFV. [link].
ETSI (2024). Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Release 4; Management and Orchestration; Architectural Framework Specification. [link].
Halpern, J. and Pignataro, C. (2015). Service function chaining (SFC) architecture. Request for Comments: 7665. Technical report.
Han, S., Jang, S., Choi, H., Lee, H., and Pack, S. (2020). Virtualization in programmable data plane: A survey and open challenges. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 1:527–534.
Hancock, D. and Van Der Merwe, J. (2016). Hyper4: Using P4 to virtualize the programmable data plane. In CoNEXT’16, pages 35–49. ACM.
Hsieh, C.-H., Chang, J.-W., Chen, C., and Lu, S.-H. (2016). Network-aware service function chaining placement in a data center. In 2016 18th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Jin, X., Li, X., Zhang, H., Soulé, R., Lee, J., Foster, N., Kim, C., and Stoica, I. (2017). NetCache: Balancing key-value stores with fast in-network caching. In Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 121–136.
Kim, C., Sivaraman, A., Katta, N., Bas, A., Dixit, A., Wobker, L. J., et al. (2015). In-band network telemetry via programmable dataplanes. In ACM SIGCOMM, volume 15, pages 1–2.
Kreutz, D., Ramos, F. M., Verissimo, P. E., Rothenberg, C. E., Azodolmolky, S., and Uhlig, S. (2014). Software-defined networking: A comprehensive survey. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103(1):14–76.
Laghrissi, A. and Taleb, T. (2018). A survey on the placement of virtual resources and virtual network functions. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(2):1409–1434.
Lamb, I. P., Duarte, P. A. P. R., Luizelli, M. C., Gaspary, L. P., Azambuja, J. R., and da Costa Cordeiro, W. L. (2024a). Multi-tenant programmable switch virtualization leveraging explicit resource sharing. In 20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM 2024), pages 1–8. IFIP/IEEE.
Lamb, I. P., Facen, T., Duarte, P., Azambuja, J. R., and Cordeiro, W. (2024b). Multi-tenant programmable switch virtualization architecture. In NOMS 2024-2024 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, pages 1–5. IEEE.
Li, Z. and Yang, Y. (2018). Placement of virtual network functions in hybrid data center networks. IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems, 4(4):861–873.
Lodi, A., Martello, S., and Vigo, D. (2004). Models and bounds for two-dimensional level packing problems. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 8.
Luizelli, M. C., Bays, L. R., Buriol, L. S., Barcellos, M. P., and Gaspary, L. P. (2015). Piecing together the NFV provisioning puzzle: Efficient placement and chaining of virtual network functions. In 2015 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM), pages 98–106. IEEE.
Luizelli, M. C., da Costa Cordeiro, W. L., Buriol, L. S., and Gaspary, L. P. (2017a). A fix-and-optimize approach for efficient and large scale virtual network function placement and chaining. Computer Communications, 102:67–77.
Luizelli, M. C., da Costa Cordeiro, W. L., Buriol, L. S., and Gaspary, L. P. (2017b). A fix-and-optimize approach for efficient and large scale virtual network function placement and chaining. Computer Communications, 102:67–77.
McKeown, N., Anderson, T., Balakrishnan, H., Parulkar, G., Peterson, L., Rexford, J., Shenker, S., and Turner, J. (2008). OpenFlow: enabling innovation in campus networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 38(2):69–74.
Miyamura, T. and Misawa, A. (2023). Joint optimization of optical path provisioning and VNF placement in VCDN. Optical Switching and Networking, 49:100740.
Moens, H. and De Turck, F. (2014). VNF-P: A model for efficient placement of virtualized network functions. In 10th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) and Workshop, pages 418–423. IEEE.
Pietrobuoni, E. (2015). Two-dimensional bin packing problem with guillotine restrictions.
Ribeiro, G., Pedrosa, L., Signorello, S., and Ramos, F. M. V. (2024). Internet architecture evolution: Found in translation. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets ’24, pages 300–307. Association for Computing Machinery.
Saquetti, M., Bueno, G., Cordeiro, W., and Azambuja, J. R. (2020). P4VBox: Enabling P4-based switch virtualization. IEEE Communications Letters, 24(1):146–149.
Schardong, F., Nunes, I., and Schaeffer-Filho, A. (2021). NFV resource allocation: A systematic review and taxonomy of VNF forwarding graph embedding. Computer Networks, 185:107726.
Sherry, J., Hasan, S., Scott, C., Krishnamurthy, A., Ratnasamy, S., and Sekar, V. (2012). Making middleboxes someone else’s problem: Network processing as a cloud service. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 42(4):13–24.
Sivaraman, V., Narayana, S., Rottenstreich, O., Muthukrishnan, S., and Rexford, J. (2017). Heavy-hitter detection entirely in the data plane. In Proceedings of the Symposium on SDN Research, SOSR ’17, pages 164–176. Association for Computing Machinery.
Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, F., Wang, H., Xu, X., and Li, Y. (2022). A survey on the placement of virtual network functions. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 202:103361.
Turner, J. S. and Taylor, D. E. (2005). Diversifying the internet. In GLOBECOM’05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005., volume 2, pages 6–pp. IEEE.
Vieira, M. A., Castanho, M. S., Pacífico, R. D., Santos, E. R., Júnior, E. P. C., and Vieira, L. F. (2020). Fast packet processing with eBPF and XDP: Concepts, code, challenges, and applications. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 53(1):1–36.
Wang, Y., Nguyen, L., and Hu, Q. (2023). Network function virtualization in elastic optical networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 41(16):5183–5192.
Xia, M., Shirazipour, M., Zhang, Y., Green, H., and Takacs, A. (2015). Network function placement for NFV chaining in packet/optical data centers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 33(8):1565–1570.
Publicado
19/05/2025
Como Citar
DA SILVA, Aline Fraga; LAMB, Ivan Peter; DUARTE, Pedro Arthur; AZAMBUJA, José Rodrigo; LUNARDI, Roben; GASPARY, Luciano Paschoal; CORDEIRO, Weverton.
Posicionamento e Encadeamento em NFV: Como Lidar Quando o Plano de Dados é Programável e Multi-Tenant?. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 43. , 2025, Natal/RN.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 462-475.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2025.6254.
