Programmable Environment for Transmission and Analysis of Quality of Experience of Volumetric Video

• Alan Teixeira da Silva UNICAMP http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3190-493X
• Fabricio R. Cesen Telefonica Research https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-2808
• Rafael Clerici UNICAMP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-6303
• Christian E. Rothenberg UNICAMP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-4305
• Eduardo Cerqueira UFPA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2162-6523
• Vanessa Testoni UNICAMP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-8323

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2025.6365

Abstract

The expansion of 5G networks and the growth of data traffic has driven the development of innovative applications, particularly Holographic-Type Communications (HTC), paving the way for 6G networks. This work presents a comparative study of Quality of Experience (QoE) in volumetric video transmission within immersive virtual reality environments, using TCP-HTTP and WebRTC protocols. Main contributions include the development of a programmable hardware-based emulation environment based on the P4/Tofino technologies of the P4 Programmable Patch Panel (P7) tool, evaluation of network metrics impact on QoE during volumetric video transmission in point cloud format rendered on a real Head Mounted Display (HMD) device (Meta Quest 3), implementation and comparative analysis between different transport protocols.

Keywords: HTC, Volumetric Media QoE, QoS, SDN, P4, P7

References

Aghaaliakbari, F., Hmitti, Z. A., Rayani, M., Gherari, M., Glitho, R. H., Elbiaze, H., and Ajib, W. (2023). An architecture for provisioning in-network computing-enabled slices for holographic applications in next-generation networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 61(3), 52–58.

Akyildiz, I. F. and Guo, H. (2022). Holographic-type communication: A new challenge for the next decade. ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, 3(2), 421–442.

Alvestrand, H. T. (2021). Overview: Real-Time Protocols for Browser-Based Applications. RFC 8825.

Cesen, F. E. R., et al. (2023). Towards Multiple Pipelines Network Emulation with P7. In IEEE NetSoft, pages 290–292. IEEE.

Da Silva, A. T., et al. (2024). Programmable Network Testbed for QoS/QoE Assessment of Holographic Media Delivery. In Demo Sessions of IEEE NFV-SDN. IEEE.

De Fré, M., van der Hooft, J., Wauters, T., and De Turck, F. (2024). Scalable mdc-based volumetric video delivery for real-time one-to-many WebRTC conferencing. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys ’24, pages 121–131. Association for Computing Machinery.

d’Eon, E., Harrison, B., Myers, T., and Chou, P. A. (2017). 8i Voxelized full bodies - a Voxelized point cloud dataset. Input Document WG11M40059/WG1M74006, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 Joint WG11/WG1 (MPEG/JPEG), Geneva.

Ericsson (2024). Ericsson mobility report. Disponível em: [link]. Accessado em: 07-01-2025.

Liberg, O., Hoymann, C., Tidestav, C., Larsson, D. C., Rahman, I., Blasco, R., Falahati, S., and Blankenship, Y. (2024). Introducing 5G advanced. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 8(1), 52–57.

Liu, R., Lin, H., Lee, H., Chaves, F., Lim, H., and Sköld, J. (2023). Beginning of the journey toward 6G: Vision and framework. IEEE Communications Magazine, 61(10), 8–9.

Liu, Z., Li, Q., Chen, X., Wu, C., Ishihara, S., Li, J., and Ji, Y. (2021). Point cloud video streaming: Challenges and solutions. IEEE Network, 35(5), 202–209.

Nguyen, M., Vats, S., van Damme, S., van der Hooft, J., Vega, M. T., Wauters, T., De Turck, F., Timmerer, C., and Hellwagner, H. (2023). Characterization of the quality of experience and immersion of point cloud videos in augmented reality through a subjective study. IEEE Access, 11, 128898–128910.

Petkova, R., Bozhilov, I., Manolova, A., Tonchev, K., and Poulkov, V. (2024). On the way to holographic-type communications: Perspectives and enabling technologies. IEEE Access, 12, 59236–59259.

Petkova, R., Poulkov, V., Manolova, A., and Tonchev, K. (2022). Challenges in implementing low-latency holographic-type communication systems. Sensors, 22(24).

Ravuri, H. K., Vega, M. T., Van Hooft, J. D., Wauters, T., and De Turck, F. (2023). Adaptive partially reliable delivery of immersive media over QUIC-HTTP/3. IEEE Access, 11, 38094–38111.

Shi, Y., Clement, B., and Ooi, W. T. (2024). QV4: QoE-based viewpoint-aware V-PCC-encoded volumetric video streaming. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys ’24, pages 144–154. Association for Computing Machinery.

Udora, C., Qian, P., Anmulwar, S., Fernando, A., and Wang, N. (2024). Quality of experience modelling and analysis for live holographic teleportation. In 2024 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), pages 598–604.

Zhang, A., Wang, C., Han, B., and Qian, F. (2022). YuZu: Neural-enhanced volumetric video streaming. In 19th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 22), pages 137–154. USENIX Association.