Avaliação de Estimadores de Largura de Banda e Impactos em Aplicações de Vídeo 360º em Tempo Real
Resumo
Streaming de vídeo 360° em tempo real exige baixa latência e alta qualidade sob oscilações de rede. Sem estimativa de largura de banda, o codificador pode exceder a capacidade do enlace, causando filas e perdas, ou subutilizá-lo. Neste trabalho, avaliamos um controle adaptativo de taxa por chunk guiado por estimativas de largura de banda e, em paralelo, uma codificação por tiles guiada por saliência, que redistribui o bitrate entre regiões do quadro sem alterar a taxa global. Comparamos, sob o mesmo protocolo experimental, estimadores externos ao pipeline de compressão baseados em TCP INFO e em goodput medido no receptor, além do Google Congestion Control (GCC) com Transport-Wide Congestion Control (TWCC) e de uma taxa fixa. Os resultados mostram que os estimadores preservam a qualidade em baixa largura de banda e, em alta largura de banda, contêm o crescimento do chunk mantendo qualidade semelhante. No melhor caso com saliência, o TCP INFO elevou o Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) em 1,25 dB com aumento negligenciável no tamanho do arquivo.Referências
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Fouladi, S., Emmons, J., Orbay, E., Wu, C., Wahby, R. S., and Winstein, K. (2018). Salsify: Low-latency network video through tighter integration between a video codec and a transport protocol. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), pages 267–282. USENIX Association.
Jiang, W., Han, B., Habibi, M. A., and Schotten, H. D. (2021). The road towards 6g: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2:334 to 366.
Jiang, X., Naas, S. A., Chiang, Y.-H., Sigg, S., and Ji, Y. (2020). SVP: Sinusoidal Viewport Prediction for 360-Degree Video Streaming. IEEE Access, 8:164471–164480.
Khan, M. A., Baccour, E., Chkirbene, Z., Erbad, A., Hamila, R., Hamdi, M., and Gabbouj, M. (2022). A survey on mobile edge computing for video streaming: Opportunities and challenges. IEEE Access, 10:120514–120547.
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Nguyen, D. V., Tran, H. T. T., Pham, A. T., and Thang, T. C. (2019). An Optimal Tile-Based Approach for Viewport-Adaptive 360-Degree Video Streaming. IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 9(1):29–42.
Nguyen, D. V., Tran, H. T. T., and Thang, T. C. (2020). An Evaluation of Tile Selection Methods for Viewport-Adaptive Streaming of 360-Degree Video. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, 16(1).
Wang, S., Yang, S., Li, H., Zhang, X., Zhou, C., Xu, C., Qian, F., Wang, N., and Xu, Z. (2022). Salientvr: Saliency-driven mobile 360-degree video streaming with gaze information. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom ’22), Sydney, NSW, Australia. ACM.
Xie, L., Xu, Z., Ban, Y., Zhang, X., and Guo, Z. (2017). 360ProbDASH: Improving QoE of 360 Video Streaming Using Tile-based HTTP Adaptive Streaming. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM ’17), pages 315–323.
Zhang, J., Wang, J., Jiang, H., and Zhang, Z.-L. (2019). Learning to coordinate video codec and transport protocol for mobile video telephony. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 1–15. ACM.
Zhang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., and Liu, F. (2023). Bridging the gap between qoe and qos in congestion control. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC). USENIX Association.
Caruso, A., Grasso, C., Raftopoulos, R., and Schembra, G. (2024). An Adaptive Closed-Loop Encoding VNF for Virtual Reality Applications. In 2024 IEEE 10th International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft), pages 80–88. IEEE.
Fouladi, S., Emmons, J., Orbay, E., Wu, C., Wahby, R. S., and Winstein, K. (2018). Salsify: Low-latency network video through tighter integration between a video codec and a transport protocol. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), pages 267–282. USENIX Association.
Jiang, W., Han, B., Habibi, M. A., and Schotten, H. D. (2021). The road towards 6g: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2:334 to 366.
Jiang, X., Naas, S. A., Chiang, Y.-H., Sigg, S., and Ji, Y. (2020). SVP: Sinusoidal Viewport Prediction for 360-Degree Video Streaming. IEEE Access, 8:164471–164480.
Khan, M. A., Baccour, E., Chkirbene, Z., Erbad, A., Hamila, R., Hamdi, M., and Gabbouj, M. (2022). A survey on mobile edge computing for video streaming: Opportunities and challenges. IEEE Access, 10:120514–120547.
Li, M., Wu, Y.-L., and Chang, C.-R. (2014). Available bandwidth estimation for network paths with multiple tight links and bursty traffic. Computer Networks, 72:16–30.
Nguyen, D. V., Tran, H. T. T., Pham, A. T., and Thang, T. C. (2019). An Optimal Tile-Based Approach for Viewport-Adaptive 360-Degree Video Streaming. IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 9(1):29–42.
Nguyen, D. V., Tran, H. T. T., and Thang, T. C. (2020). An Evaluation of Tile Selection Methods for Viewport-Adaptive Streaming of 360-Degree Video. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, 16(1).
Wang, S., Yang, S., Li, H., Zhang, X., Zhou, C., Xu, C., Qian, F., Wang, N., and Xu, Z. (2022). Salientvr: Saliency-driven mobile 360-degree video streaming with gaze information. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom ’22), Sydney, NSW, Australia. ACM.
Xie, L., Xu, Z., Ban, Y., Zhang, X., and Guo, Z. (2017). 360ProbDASH: Improving QoE of 360 Video Streaming Using Tile-based HTTP Adaptive Streaming. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM ’17), pages 315–323.
Zhang, J., Wang, J., Jiang, H., and Zhang, Z.-L. (2019). Learning to coordinate video codec and transport protocol for mobile video telephony. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pages 1–15. ACM.
Zhang, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., and Liu, F. (2023). Bridging the gap between qoe and qos in congestion control. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC). USENIX Association.
Publicado
25/05/2026
Como Citar
SILVA, Públio Elon Correa da; VERDI, Fábio Luciano.
Avaliação de Estimadores de Largura de Banda e Impactos em Aplicações de Vídeo 360º em Tempo Real. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 44. , 2026, Praia do Forte/BA.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 337-350.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2026.19841.
