On the Scale Transition of Event-Driven IoT Architectures: An Experimental Evaluation
Resumo
Arquiteturas de Internet das Coisas (IoT) baseadas em eventos são amplamente utilizadas devido à sua flexibilidade e ao desacoplamento entre ingestão e processamento de dados. No entanto, o comportamento desses sistemas durante transições de escala ainda é pouco compreendido, especialmente no que se refere à evolução de desempenho e confiabilidade sob cargas elevadas. Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação experimental de uma arquitetura IoT orientada a eventos, com foco na transição de escala de ambientes de médio para grande porte. A arquitetura proposta integra MQTT e Apache Kafka e é avaliada por meio de um testbed reprodutível, utilizando cargas sintéticas constantes e exponenciais. Os resultados experimentais indicam que a latência HTTP permanece estável em todos os cenários, enquanto a taxa de aceitação de mensagens evidencia pontos claros de saturação sob cargas extremas. Esses resultados mostram que a transição de escala se manifesta principalmente pela degradação da confiabilidade, e não pelo aumento da latência, reforçando a necessidade de avaliações multidimensionais de escalabilidade em sistemas IoT.Referências
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., and Zhu, J. (2022). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 52(1):13–16.
Cugola, G. and Margara, A. (2012). Processing flows of information: From data stream to complex event processing. ACM Comput. Surv., 44(3).
Curasma, H. P., Pan, C. F., and Estrella, J. C. (2024). Agents for automatic control of sensors using multi-agent systems and ontologies: A scalable iot architecture. Procedia Computer Science, 238:404–411.
da Cruz, M. A. A., Rodrigues, J. J. P. C., Al-Muhtadi, J., Korotaev, V. V., and de Albuquerque, V. H. C. (2018). A reference model for internet of things middleware. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(2):871–883.
Daissaoui, A., Boulmakoul, A., Karim, L., and Lbath, A. (2020). Iot and big data analytics for smart buildings: A survey. Procedia Computer Science, 170:161–168.
de Assunção, M. D., Veith, A. D. S., and Buyya, R. (2017). Resource elasticity for distributed data stream processing: A survey and future directions. CoRR, abs/1709.01363.
Freire, G. M., Curasma, H. P., and Estrella, J. C. (2024). A distributed software architecture for iot: Container orchestration impact and evaluation. Procedia Computer Science, 238:224–231.
Ghobaei-Arani, M., Souri, A., and Rahmanian, A. (2020). Resource management approaches in fog computing: a comprehensive review. J Grid Computing, 18(1):1–42.
Happ, D., Karowski, N., Menzel, T., Handziski, V., and Wolisz, A. (2017). Meeting iot platform requirements with open pub/sub solutions. ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, 72(1-2):41–52.
Khan, L., Yaqoob, I., Tran, N., Kazmi, S., Dang, T., and Hong, C. (2020). Edge-computing-enabled smart cities: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(10):10200–10232. cited By 12.
Khan, W. Z., Ahmed, E., Hakak, S., Yaqoob, I., and Ahmed, A. (2019). Edge computing: A survey. Future Generation Computer Systems, 97:219–235.
Khriji, S., Benbelgacem, Y., Cheour, R., Houssaini, D. E., and Kanoun, O. (2022). Design and implementation of a cloud-based event-driven architecture for real-time data processing in wireless sensor networks. JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING, 78(3):3374–3401.
Margara, A. and Rabl, T. (2019). Definition of data streams. pages 648–652.
Ngu, A. H., Gutierrez, M., Metsis, V., Nepal, S., and Sheng, Q. Z. (2017). Iot middleware: A survey on issues and enabling technologies. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 4(1):1–20.
OASIS (2019). MQTT Version 5.0.
Varatharaj, M. (2024). Scalable event-driven architectures for real-time data processing: A framework for distributed systems. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology, 15(6):1952–1965.
Yousefpour, A., Fung, C., Nguyen, T., Kadiyala, K., Jalali, F., Niakanlahiji, A., Kong, J., and Jue, J. P. (2019). All one needs to know about fog computing and related edge computing paradigms: A complete survey. Journal of Systems Architecture, 98:289–330.
Cugola, G. and Margara, A. (2012). Processing flows of information: From data stream to complex event processing. ACM Comput. Surv., 44(3).
Curasma, H. P., Pan, C. F., and Estrella, J. C. (2024). Agents for automatic control of sensors using multi-agent systems and ontologies: A scalable iot architecture. Procedia Computer Science, 238:404–411.
da Cruz, M. A. A., Rodrigues, J. J. P. C., Al-Muhtadi, J., Korotaev, V. V., and de Albuquerque, V. H. C. (2018). A reference model for internet of things middleware. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(2):871–883.
Daissaoui, A., Boulmakoul, A., Karim, L., and Lbath, A. (2020). Iot and big data analytics for smart buildings: A survey. Procedia Computer Science, 170:161–168.
de Assunção, M. D., Veith, A. D. S., and Buyya, R. (2017). Resource elasticity for distributed data stream processing: A survey and future directions. CoRR, abs/1709.01363.
Freire, G. M., Curasma, H. P., and Estrella, J. C. (2024). A distributed software architecture for iot: Container orchestration impact and evaluation. Procedia Computer Science, 238:224–231.
Ghobaei-Arani, M., Souri, A., and Rahmanian, A. (2020). Resource management approaches in fog computing: a comprehensive review. J Grid Computing, 18(1):1–42.
Happ, D., Karowski, N., Menzel, T., Handziski, V., and Wolisz, A. (2017). Meeting iot platform requirements with open pub/sub solutions. ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, 72(1-2):41–52.
Khan, L., Yaqoob, I., Tran, N., Kazmi, S., Dang, T., and Hong, C. (2020). Edge-computing-enabled smart cities: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(10):10200–10232. cited By 12.
Khan, W. Z., Ahmed, E., Hakak, S., Yaqoob, I., and Ahmed, A. (2019). Edge computing: A survey. Future Generation Computer Systems, 97:219–235.
Khriji, S., Benbelgacem, Y., Cheour, R., Houssaini, D. E., and Kanoun, O. (2022). Design and implementation of a cloud-based event-driven architecture for real-time data processing in wireless sensor networks. JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING, 78(3):3374–3401.
Margara, A. and Rabl, T. (2019). Definition of data streams. pages 648–652.
Ngu, A. H., Gutierrez, M., Metsis, V., Nepal, S., and Sheng, Q. Z. (2017). Iot middleware: A survey on issues and enabling technologies. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 4(1):1–20.
OASIS (2019). MQTT Version 5.0.
Varatharaj, M. (2024). Scalable event-driven architectures for real-time data processing: A framework for distributed systems. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology, 15(6):1952–1965.
Yousefpour, A., Fung, C., Nguyen, T., Kadiyala, K., Jalali, F., Niakanlahiji, A., Kong, J., and Jue, J. P. (2019). All one needs to know about fog computing and related edge computing paradigms: A complete survey. Journal of Systems Architecture, 98:289–330.
Publicado
25/05/2026
Como Citar
RIBEIRO, Cairo Mateus Neves; ESTRELLA, Júlio Cezar.
On the Scale Transition of Event-Driven IoT Architectures: An Experimental Evaluation. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 44. , 2026, Praia do Forte/BA.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 1080-1093.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2026.19979.
