Avaliando o Impacto de Detectores de Defeitos na Estabilidade de Sistemas de Controle de Tempo-Real sobre Redes Convencionais
Resumo
O presente artigo avalia o desempenho de um detector de defeitos adaptável, baseado em redes neurais artificiais, quando aplicado a um Sistema de Controle Distribuído de tempo real sobre uma rede Ethernet. Simulações realizadas sobre um sistema simples de controle replicado, evidenciam as vantagens da referida proposta quando contraposta com as principais abordagens adaptativas existentes. Adicionalmente, constatou-se que, sobre certas condições, a sobrecarga causada pelo uso de detectores de defeitos não prejudica o desempenho de algoritmos de controle convencionais, como PID.
Referências
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R. J. A. Macêdo and F. Lima. Improving the quality of service of failure detectors. Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores, 2004.
Pau Martı́, Josep M. Fuertes, Gerhard Fohler, and Krithi Ramamritham. Improving quality-of-control using flexible timing constraints: Metric and scheduling issues. In RTSS ’02: Proc. of the 23rd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’02), page 91, Washington, DC, USA, 2002. IEEE Computer Society.
Pau Martı́, Josep M. Fuertes, Krithi Ramamritham, and Gerhard Fohler. Jitter compensation for real-time control systems. In RTSS ’01: Proc. of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’01), page 39, Washington, DC, USA, 2001. IEEE Computer Society.
R. C. Nunes and I. Jansch-pôrto. Qos of timeout-based self-tuned failure detectors: the effects of the communication delay predictor and the safety margin. In Int. Conf. On DSN, Jul 2004.
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M. Riedmiller and H. Braun. A direct adaptive method for faster backpropagation learning: The RPROP algorithm. In Proc. of 1993 IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, volume 1, pages 586–591, San Francisco, California, mar-apr 1993. IEEE/INNS. U. Karlsruhe.
M. M. D. Santos and F. Vasques. Aplicando margem de jitter no projeto de sistemas de controle via rede. In Proc. of VII Brazilian Workshop of Real-Time Systems, pages 65–68, Fortaleza, Brazil, May 2005.
K. G. Shin and H. Kim. Derivation and application of hard deadlines for real-time control systems. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 22(6):1403–1413, 1992.
A. S. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, 4th edition, 2003.
The Mathworks. Simulink Reference:Simulation and Model-Based Design. The Mathworks Inc., Nantick, USA, oct 2004.
M. Bertier, O. Marin, and P. Sens. Implementation and performance evaluation of an adaptable failure detector. In Proc. Of The Int. Conf. On DSN, pages 354–363, Washington, Dc, Jun 2002.
M. Bertier, O. Marin, and P. Sens. Performance analysis of hierarchical failure detector. In Proc. Of The Int. Conf. On DSN, pages 635–644, San-francisco,Usa, Jun 2003. IEEE Society Press.
G. Buttazzo, M. Velasco, P. Martı́, and G. Fohler. Managing quality-of-control performance under overload conditions. In Proc. of the 16th Euromicro Conf. on Real-Time Systems, pages 53–60, Washington, DC, USA, 2004. IEEE Computer Society.
A. Cervin. Merging real-time and control theory for improving the performance of embedded control systems. Research report, Department of Computer Engineering and Systems Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, Set 2004.
A. Cervin, B. Lincoln, J. Eker, K.-E. Arzen, and G. Buttazzo. The jitter margin and its application in the design of real-time control systems. In Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. on Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems and Applications, pages 1–9, Goteborg, Sweden, aug 2004.
W. Chen, S. Toueg, and M. K. Aguilera. On the quality of service of failure detectores. IEEE Trans. On Computer, 51(2):561–580, 2002.
A. S. de Sá and R. J. A. Macêdo. An adaptive failure detection approach for real-time distributed control systems over shared ethernet. In Proc. of 18th Int. Congress of Mechanical Engineering, Ouro Preto, Brazil, nov 2005. COBEM2005.
A. S. de Sá and R. J. A. Macêdo. Detectores de defeitos adaptáveis para sistemas de controle distribuı́dos de tempo-real sobre redes ethernet. In Proc. of VII Brazilian Workshop of Real-Time Systems, pages 65–68, Fortaleza, Brazil, May 2005.
C. R. Elks, J. Bechta Dugan, and B. W. Johnson. Reliability analysis of hard real-time systems in the presence of controller malfunctions. In Proc. of the XVIII Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, pages 58–64, Los Angeles, CA, jan 2000. IEEE Computer Society Press.
S. Haykin. Neural Networks; A Comprehensive Foundation. MACMillan, New York, 1st edition, 1994.
D. Henriksson and A. Cervin. Truetime 1.13 - reference manual. Technical Report Isrn Lutfd2/Tfrt- -7605- -se, Department Of Automatic Control, Lund Institute Of Technology, Oct 2003.
J.F. Hermant and Le Lann. Fast asynchronous uniform consensus in real-time distributed systems. IEEETC: IEEE Trans. on Computers, 51, 2002.
V. Jacobson. Congestion avoidance and control. ACM Computer Communication Review; Proc. Of The Sigcomm ’88 Symposium In Stanford, Ca, August, 1988, 18, 4:314–329, 1988.
P. Jalote. Fault Tolerance In Distributed Systems. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1994.
C.-Y. Kao and B. Lincoln. Simple stability criteria for systems with time-varying delays, March18 2004.
H. Kim and K. G. Shin. On the maximum feedback delay in a linear/nonlinear control system with input disturbances caused by controller-computer failures. IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, 2(2):110–122, 1994.
F.L. Lian, James R. Moyne, and Dawn M. Tilbury. Performance evaluation of control networks: ethernet, controlnet, and devicenet. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 21:66–93, Fev 2001.
F.L. Lian, James R. Moyne, and Dawn M. Tilbury. Network design consideration for distributed control systems. IEEE Trans. On Control Systems Technology, 10:297–307, Mar 2002.
B. Lincoln. Dynamic programming and time-varying delay systems. Phd, Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, 2003.
R. J. A. Macêdo and F. Lima. Improving the quality of service of failure detectors. Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores, 2004.
Pau Martı́, Josep M. Fuertes, Gerhard Fohler, and Krithi Ramamritham. Improving quality-of-control using flexible timing constraints: Metric and scheduling issues. In RTSS ’02: Proc. of the 23rd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’02), page 91, Washington, DC, USA, 2002. IEEE Computer Society.
Pau Martı́, Josep M. Fuertes, Krithi Ramamritham, and Gerhard Fohler. Jitter compensation for real-time control systems. In RTSS ’01: Proc. of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’01), page 39, Washington, DC, USA, 2001. IEEE Computer Society.
R. C. Nunes and I. Jansch-pôrto. Qos of timeout-based self-tuned failure detectors: the effects of the communication delay predictor and the safety margin. In Int. Conf. On DSN, Jul 2004.
K. Ogata. Modern Control engineering. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 2nd edition, 1990.
K. Ogata. Discrete-Time Control Systems. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, 2nd edition, 1995.
M. Riedmiller and H. Braun. A direct adaptive method for faster backpropagation learning: The RPROP algorithm. In Proc. of 1993 IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, volume 1, pages 586–591, San Francisco, California, mar-apr 1993. IEEE/INNS. U. Karlsruhe.
M. M. D. Santos and F. Vasques. Aplicando margem de jitter no projeto de sistemas de controle via rede. In Proc. of VII Brazilian Workshop of Real-Time Systems, pages 65–68, Fortaleza, Brazil, May 2005.
K. G. Shin and H. Kim. Derivation and application of hard deadlines for real-time control systems. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 22(6):1403–1413, 1992.
A. S. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, 4th edition, 2003.
The Mathworks. Simulink Reference:Simulation and Model-Based Design. The Mathworks Inc., Nantick, USA, oct 2004.
Publicado
29/05/2006
Como Citar
SÁ, Alirio Santos de; MACÊDO, Raimundo José de Araújo.
Avaliando o Impacto de Detectores de Defeitos na Estabilidade de Sistemas de Controle de Tempo-Real sobre Redes Convencionais. In: WORKSHOP DE TESTES E TOLERÂNCIA A FALHAS (WTF), 7. , 2006, Curitiba/PR.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2006
.
p. 37-48.
ISSN 2595-2684.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2006.23350.
