An Information System for Law Integrating Ontological Bases with a Legal Reasoner Chatbot
Resumo
Context: The Semantic Web aims to assign meanings to resources available on the internet so that humans and computers can understand them. It can be used in the most diverse contexts, facilitating the development of systems where expert knowledge is formalized through logical-mathematical resources, mitigating potential inconsistencies, and promoting more human-friendly interaction services. Problem: The existence of semantic anomalies (use of rhetorical language, polysemy and inaccuracies) in the Brazilian Legal Domain enables the use of Semantic Web standards and technologies to mitigate these problems. Solution: This work deals with the development of an Information System that uses resources from the Semantic Web for the formal representation and the realization of legal inferences about Crimes Against Property. SI Theory: The Behavioral Decision Theory was approached, mainly in the incorporation of real patterns of decision making. Method: Bibliographic and documentary research methods were used to list the main concepts related to the Criminal Types investigated. The research is prescriptive and has a quali-quantitative approach. Summary of Results: A prototype system is presented, integrating ontologies of Brazilian Law with a chatbot that enables interaction with users in natural language, as well as performing reasoning tasks based on the knowledge formalized in these ontologies. Contributions and Impact in the IS area: The research will contribute to the automation of decision-making processes involving crimes against property, serving as an aid for professionals or law students and for legal simulations by ordinary people. Furthermore, it will serve as a reference for the development of other information systems with similar objectives in other contexts.
Palavras-chave:
Law, Chatbot, Ontology
Referências
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Bernardo Cuenca Grau, Ian Horrocks, Boris Motik, Bijan Parsia, Peter Patel-Schneider, and Ulrike Sattler. 2008. OWL 2: The next step for OWL. Journal of Web Semantics 6, 4 (2008), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2008.05.001 Semantic Web Challenge 2006/2007.
Cristine Griffo, João Almeida, and Giancarlo Guizzardi. 2015. A Systematic Mapping of the Literature on Legal Core Ontologies. ONTOBRAS 1442 (01 2015).
Tom Gruber. 2008. Collective knowledge systems: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web. Journal of Web Semantics 6, 1 (2008), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2007.11.011 Semantic Web and Web 2.0.
Ian Horrocks, Peter F Patel-Schneider, Deborah L McGuinness, and Christopher A Welty. 2007. OWL: a description logic based ontology language for the semantic web. 2 (2007).
Ian Horrocks, Ulrike Sattler, and Stephan Tobies. 2000. Reasoning with Individuals for the Description Logic SHIQ. In International Conference on Automated Deduction. Springer, 482–496.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamy. 2017. Owlready: Ontology-oriented programming in Python with automatic classification and high level constructs for biomedical ontologies. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 80 (July 2017), 11 – 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2017.07.002
David Lord. 2010. Flask. https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/
Nathaniel Love and Michael Genesereth. 2005. Computational Law. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (Bologna, Italy) (ICAIL ’05). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1145/1165485.1165517
Julio Fabbrini Mirabete and Renato N FABBRINI. 2012. Manual de direito penal parte geral, arts. 1º a 120 do CP–. Vol. 1. Atlas, São Paulo:SP.
Cleyton Mário Oliveira Rodrigues, Frederico Luiz Gonçalves de Freitas, Emanoel Francisco Spósito Barreiros, Ryan Ribeiro de Azevedo, and Adauto Trigueiro Almeida Filho. 2019. Legal ontologies over time: A systematic mapping study. Expert Systems with Applications 130 (2019), 12–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.04.009
P Slovic, B Fischhoff, and S Lichtenstein. 1977. Behavioral Decision Theory. Annual Review of Psychology 28, 1 (1977), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.28.020177.000245
Rudi Studer, V Richard Benjamins, and Dieter Fensel. 1998. Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods. Data & knowledge engineering 25, 1-2 (1998), 161–197.
Kazuhisa Takemura. 2014. Behavorial Decision Theory(1 ed.). Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54580-4_1
M. Uschold. 1996. Building Ontologies: Towards a Unified Methodology. In 16th Annual Conf. of the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Expert Systems (1996), 16–18.
Anusha Vegesna, Pranjal Jain, and Dhruv Porwal. 2018. Ontology based Chatbot (For E-commerce Website). International Journal of Computer Applications 179 (01 2018), 51–55. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2018916215
Grigoris Antoniou and Frank Van Harmelen. 2004. Web ontology language: Owl. In Handbook on ontologies. Springer, 67–92.
Damien Arrachequesne. 2022. Socket.io. https://socket.io/docs/v4/
Agnese Augello. 2014. Chatbots as Interface to Ontologies. Springer, Cham, 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03992-3_20
Franz Baader, Diego Calvanese, Deborah Mcguinness, Daniele Nardi, and Peter Patel-Schneider. 2007. The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press, USA. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511711787
F. Baader, D. Calvanese, D. L. McGuinness, D. Nardi, and P. F. Patel-Schneider. 2007. The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation and Applications (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA.
Franz Baader, Ian Horrocks, Carsten Lutz, and Uli Sattler. 2017. Introduction to description logic. Cambridge University Press.
James Campbell. 2016. Bottr. https://github.com/Bottr-js/Bottr
Oscar Corcho, Mariano Fernández-López, Asuncion Gomez-Perez, and Angel López-Cima. 2003. Building legal ontologies with METHONTOLOGY and WebODE, In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Law and the Semantic Web 3369, 142–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32253-5_9
Gunther Cox. 2021. ChatterBot. https://chatterbot.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
OV Deryugina. 2010. Chatterbots. Scientific and Technical Information Processing 37, 2(2010), 143–147.
Baboucar Diatta, Adrien Basse, and Samuel Ouya. 2019. PasOnto: Ontology for Learning Pascal Programming Language. In 2019 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 749–754. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2019.8725092
Mariano Fernández-López, Asuncion Gomez-Perez, and Natalia Juristo. 1997. METHONTOLOGY: from ontological art towards ontological engineering. In Engineering Workshop on Ontological Engineering (AAAI97). 33–40.
Django Software Foundation. 2022. Django. https://docs.djangoproject.com/pt-br/4.0/
Mirna Ghosh, Hala Naja, Habib Abdulrab, and Mohamad Khalil. 2017. Towards a Legal Rule-Based System Grounded on the Integration of Criminal Domain Ontology and Rules. Procedia Computer Science 112 (12 2017), 632–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.08.109
Bernardo Cuenca Grau, Ian Horrocks, Boris Motik, Bijan Parsia, Peter Patel-Schneider, and Ulrike Sattler. 2008. OWL 2: The next step for OWL. Journal of Web Semantics 6, 4 (2008), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2008.05.001 Semantic Web Challenge 2006/2007.
Cristine Griffo, João Almeida, and Giancarlo Guizzardi. 2015. A Systematic Mapping of the Literature on Legal Core Ontologies. ONTOBRAS 1442 (01 2015).
Tom Gruber. 2008. Collective knowledge systems: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web. Journal of Web Semantics 6, 1 (2008), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2007.11.011 Semantic Web and Web 2.0.
Ian Horrocks, Peter F Patel-Schneider, Deborah L McGuinness, and Christopher A Welty. 2007. OWL: a description logic based ontology language for the semantic web. 2 (2007).
Ian Horrocks, Ulrike Sattler, and Stephan Tobies. 2000. Reasoning with Individuals for the Description Logic SHIQ. In International Conference on Automated Deduction. Springer, 482–496.
Fauzan Ishlakhuddin and Azhari SN. 2021. Ontology-based Chatbot to Support Monitoring of Server Performance and Security By Rule-base. In IJCCS - Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems, Vol. 15. 131–140. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.58588
Júlia Fischer Lage and Henrique de Assis Muniz Broilo Rezende. 2020. CHATBOT NA ADVOCACIA: DINAMIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO NA REALIDADE PANDÊMICA. In INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E TECNOLOGIAS APLICADAS AO DIREITO - II, Skema Business School (Ed.). Vol. 2. Belo Horizonte,MG, 4–11.
Jean-Baptiste Lamy. 2017. Owlready: Ontology-oriented programming in Python with automatic classification and high level constructs for biomedical ontologies. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 80 (July 2017), 11 – 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2017.07.002
David Lord. 2010. Flask. https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/
Nathaniel Love and Michael Genesereth. 2005. Computational Law. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (Bologna, Italy) (ICAIL ’05). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1145/1165485.1165517
Julio Fabbrini Mirabete and Renato N FABBRINI. 2012. Manual de direito penal parte geral, arts. 1º a 120 do CP–. Vol. 1. Atlas, São Paulo:SP.
Cleyton Mário Oliveira Rodrigues, Frederico Luiz Gonçalves de Freitas, Emanoel Francisco Spósito Barreiros, Ryan Ribeiro de Azevedo, and Adauto Trigueiro Almeida Filho. 2019. Legal ontologies over time: A systematic mapping study. Expert Systems with Applications 130 (2019), 12–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.04.009
P Slovic, B Fischhoff, and S Lichtenstein. 1977. Behavioral Decision Theory. Annual Review of Psychology 28, 1 (1977), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.28.020177.000245
Rudi Studer, V Richard Benjamins, and Dieter Fensel. 1998. Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods. Data & knowledge engineering 25, 1-2 (1998), 161–197.
Kazuhisa Takemura. 2014. Behavorial Decision Theory(1 ed.). Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54580-4_1
M. Uschold. 1996. Building Ontologies: Towards a Unified Methodology. In 16th Annual Conf. of the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Expert Systems (1996), 16–18.
Anusha Vegesna, Pranjal Jain, and Dhruv Porwal. 2018. Ontology based Chatbot (For E-commerce Website). International Journal of Computer Applications 179 (01 2018), 51–55. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2018916215
Publicado
16/05/2022
Como Citar
MONTEIRO, Lucas Henrique de Assis; RODRIGUES, Cleyton Mário de Oliveira; SOUSA, Aêda Monalliza Cunha de.
An Information System for Law Integrating Ontological Bases with a Legal Reasoner Chatbot. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO (SBSI), 18. , 2022, Curitiba.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
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