How to carry out a Brazilian research in computing considering ethical or moral aspects?
Resumo
Context: Ethical aspects are of increasing interest to the computing communities. Part of this interest is related to ethics in research and institutional ethics related to research ethics committees. This phenomenon has also increased ethical or moral demands by institutions and academic-scientific collectives. Problem: Research in Ehics presents several issues, challenges, and difficulties, which go beyond a basic or superficial knowledge. These deficiencies or limitations have negative ethical consequences, including in a political sense, for the Brazilian computing community. Solution: We bring a collection of objective and informative reflections on these topics, which are rarely addressed or found in the computing literature, adequately suited to the IS context. Theory: Qualitative approach through Hermeneutics, Critical social theory, and Theory of reasoned action. Research method: Prescriptive and transformative, based on ethnography and autoethnography methodologies. Results and contributions to IS: We present several abstract and concrete considerations about advanced or non-trivial research ethics and ethics committee topics. We call the Brazilian computing community for advances in the agency of ethical or moral aspects, for moral advancement and sociotechnical awareness. The contribution addresses several issues, challenges, and difficult to find or unprecedented interpretation, e.g., involving data from social networks, annotators, children, internationalization, i.a. Aiming to promote moral maturity, as a common and shared understanding.
Palavras-chave:
Research ethics, Ethics Committtee, Brazilian computing, Information Systems, Meta-science, Ethnography
Referências
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S. Baase and T. M. Henry. 2017. Gift of Fire, A: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing Technology (5 ed.). Pearson, New York, NY.
E. Babbie. 2021. The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning, Boston, MA.
B. Bioni. 2019. Proteção de Dados Pessoais. A Função e os Limites do Consentimento (2nd ed.). Forense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. (in Brazilian Portuguese).
B. G. Blundell. 2021. Ethics in Computing, Science, and Engineering: A Student's Guide to Doing Things Right. Springer, Heidelberg, New York.
C. Boscarioli, R. Araujo, and R. S. Maciel. 2017. I GranDSI-BR Grand Research Challenges in Information Systems in Brazil 2016-2026. SBC, Porto Alegre. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbc.2884.0
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I. Carter. 2022. Positive and Negative Liberty. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 ed.), E. N. Zalta (Ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from [link].
L. P. Carvalho, J. Oliveira, and F. M. Santoro. 2021. A Presença de Conteúdos sobre Ética Computacional na Literacia em Computação Institucional Brasileira. In ABCiber Virtual Meeting Proceedings (Online). ABCiber Virtual Meeting 2021. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from https://4658.short.gy/ASuutb
L. P. Carvalho, J. Oliveira, F. M. Santoro, and Claudia Cappelli. 2021. Social Network Analysis, Ethics and LGPD, considerations in research. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 14, 2 (Aug. 2021), 28–52. https://doi.org/10.5753/isys.2021.1235
L. P. Carvalho, F. M. Santoro, R. M. M. Costa, and J. Oliveira. 2021. Pensando-fazendo Sistemas de Informação com Ética. Da pesquisa à engenharia, e vice-versa. In Minicursos da ERSI-RJ 2021 - VII ERSI-RJ, T. C. de França, A. Louzada, and A. Cerqueira and (Eds.). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbc.7872.6.6
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L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, J. Oliveira, I. Gasparini, and F. M. Santoro. 2021. Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBIE?. In Anais do XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 1308–1319. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2021.218618
L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, J. Oliveira, and F. Santoro. 2021. Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBSI?. In Anais da VII ERSI-RJ (Evento Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 24–31. https://doi.org/10.5753/ersirj.2021.16975
L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, F. M. Santoro, and J. Oliveira. 2022. A meta-scientific broad panorama of ethical aspects in the Brazilian IHC. Journal on Interactive Systems 13, 1 (Aug. 2022), 105–126. https://doi.org/10.5753/jis.2022.2579
L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, F. M. Santoro, J. Oliveira, and R. M. M. Costa. 2021. Ética: Qual o Panorama de Pesquisa no Simpósio Brasileiro SBGames?. In Anais do XX SBGames (Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell. 2018. Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5 ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
J. A. de Cerqueira, H. A. Tives, and E. D. Canedo. 2021. Ethical Guidelines and Principles in the Context of Artificial Intelligence. In XVII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems (Uberlândia, Brazil) (SBSI 2021). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 36, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3466933.3466969
C. A. Ferraz. 2014. Ética Elementos Básicos. NEPFIL online, Pelotas, RS.
T. George. 2021. Hermeneutics. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 ed.), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from [link]
K. Laudon and J. Laudon. 2020. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (16 ed.). Pearson, New York, NY.
A. B. de Lima. 2015. Ética em pesquisa: implicações para a educação superior. Crítica Educativa 1, 1 (out. 2015), p.8–20. https://doi.org/10.22476/revcted.v1i1.21
D. Marcondes. 2007. Textos básicos de ética: De Platão a Foucault. Zahar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
V. F. Martins, M. A. Junqueira, and R. M. de Araujo. 2021. Ética da Pesquisa em Sistemas de Informação: Por que e como submeter meu projeto ao Comitê de Ética?. In Tópicos Especiais em Sistemas de Informação: Minicursos SBSI 2021, D. Viana, T. P. Ribeiro, R. D. Araújo, and F. A. Dorça (Eds.). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbc.6453.5
Ministério da Saúde. Conselho Nacional de Saúde.2007. Manual operacional para comitês de ética em pesquisa. Editora do Ministério da Saúde. https://4658.short.gy/tulAQ2
William Lawrence Neuman. 2014. Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson, New York, NY.
J. Recker. 2021. Scientific research in information systems: a beginner's guide (2 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
M. J. Salganik. 2017. Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
P. Singer. 2022. Ethics. Encyclopedia Britannica. [link] [accessed 09-09-2022].
R. M. Stair and G. W. Reynolds. 2018. Principles of Information Systems (13 ed.). CENGAGE Learning, Boston, MA.
A. S. Vázquez. 2018. Ética (39th ed.). Civilização Brasileira.
R. J. Wieringa. 2014. Design science methodology: For information systems and software engineering. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, London, UK.
E. Wiesel. 2005. Without Conscience. New England Journal of Medicine 352, 15 (2005), 1511–1513. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp058069
P. Amorim, C. Sacramento, E. Capra, P. Tavares, and S. B. L. Ferreira. 2019. Submeter ou não meu projeto de pesquisa em IHC ao Comitê de Ética, eis a questão, In Proceedings of the 18th IHC-Br (Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil). Proceedings of the XVIII IHC-Br, Article 47, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357155.3358473
ANPEd. 2019. In Ética e pesquisa em Educação: subsídios – volume 1, J. Mainardes (Ed.). Vol. 1. ANPEd, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
ANPEd. 2021. In Ética e pesquisa em Educação: subsídios – volume 2, J. Mainardes (Ed.). Vol. 2. ANPEd, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
S. Baase and T. M. Henry. 2017. Gift of Fire, A: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing Technology (5 ed.). Pearson, New York, NY.
E. Babbie. 2021. The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning, Boston, MA.
B. Bioni. 2019. Proteção de Dados Pessoais. A Função e os Limites do Consentimento (2nd ed.). Forense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. (in Brazilian Portuguese).
B. G. Blundell. 2021. Ethics in Computing, Science, and Engineering: A Student's Guide to Doing Things Right. Springer, Heidelberg, New York.
C. Boscarioli, R. Araujo, and R. S. Maciel. 2017. I GranDSI-BR Grand Research Challenges in Information Systems in Brazil 2016-2026. SBC, Porto Alegre. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbc.2884.0
Brasil. 2012. Ministério da Saúde. RESOLUÇÃO CNS Nº 466, DE 12 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2012. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from https://cutt.ly/mmS8Eua
Brasil. 2016. Conselho Nacional da Saúde. RESOLUÇÃO Nº 510, DE 07 DE ABRIL DE 2016. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from https://cutt.ly/yjSF2Lm
Brasil. 2016. Ministério da Educação. RESOLUÇÃO Nº 5, DE 16 DE NOVEMBRO DE 2016. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from https://4658.short.gy/LnaYcw
Brasil. 2018. LEI Nº 13.709, DE 14 DE AGOSTO DE 2018. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from https://4658.short.gy/thJx59
Brasil. 2022. Ministério da Saúde. RESOLUÇÃO Nº 674, DE 06 DE MAIO DE 2022. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from https://4658.short.gy/wTRDCw
K. Buston, W. Parry-Jones, M. Livingston, A. Bogan, and S. Wood. 1991. Qualitative research. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 172 (1991), 197–199.
I. Carter. 2022. Positive and Negative Liberty. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 ed.), E. N. Zalta (Ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from [link].
L. P. Carvalho, J. Oliveira, and F. M. Santoro. 2021. A Presença de Conteúdos sobre Ética Computacional na Literacia em Computação Institucional Brasileira. In ABCiber Virtual Meeting Proceedings (Online). ABCiber Virtual Meeting 2021. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from https://4658.short.gy/ASuutb
L. P. Carvalho, J. Oliveira, F. M. Santoro, and Claudia Cappelli. 2021. Social Network Analysis, Ethics and LGPD, considerations in research. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 14, 2 (Aug. 2021), 28–52. https://doi.org/10.5753/isys.2021.1235
L. P. Carvalho, F. M. Santoro, R. M. M. Costa, and J. Oliveira. 2021. Pensando-fazendo Sistemas de Informação com Ética. Da pesquisa à engenharia, e vice-versa. In Minicursos da ERSI-RJ 2021 - VII ERSI-RJ, T. C. de França, A. Louzada, and A. Cerqueira and (Eds.). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbc.7872.6.6
L. P. Carvalho, F. M. Santoro, and J. Oliveira. 2022. An exploratory analysis of Computing Ethics practices and instruction through Brazilian cyberspace. Journal on Interactive Systems 13, 1 (Nov. 2022), 274–300. https://doi.org/10.5753/jis.2022.2604
L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, J. Oliveira, I. Gasparini, and F. M. Santoro. 2021. Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBIE?. In Anais do XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 1308–1319. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2021.218618
L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, J. Oliveira, and F. Santoro. 2021. Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBSI?. In Anais da VII ERSI-RJ (Evento Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 24–31. https://doi.org/10.5753/ersirj.2021.16975
L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, F. M. Santoro, and J. Oliveira. 2022. A meta-scientific broad panorama of ethical aspects in the Brazilian IHC. Journal on Interactive Systems 13, 1 (Aug. 2022), 105–126. https://doi.org/10.5753/jis.2022.2579
L. P. Carvalho, J. A. Suzano, F. M. Santoro, J. Oliveira, and R. M. M. Costa. 2021. Ética: Qual o Panorama de Pesquisa no Simpósio Brasileiro SBGames?. In Anais do XX SBGames (Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell. 2018. Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5 ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
J. A. de Cerqueira, H. A. Tives, and E. D. Canedo. 2021. Ethical Guidelines and Principles in the Context of Artificial Intelligence. In XVII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems (Uberlândia, Brazil) (SBSI 2021). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 36, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3466933.3466969
C. A. Ferraz. 2014. Ética Elementos Básicos. NEPFIL online, Pelotas, RS.
T. George. 2021. Hermeneutics. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 ed.), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 20-november-2022 from [link]
K. Laudon and J. Laudon. 2020. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (16 ed.). Pearson, New York, NY.
A. B. de Lima. 2015. Ética em pesquisa: implicações para a educação superior. Crítica Educativa 1, 1 (out. 2015), p.8–20. https://doi.org/10.22476/revcted.v1i1.21
D. Marcondes. 2007. Textos básicos de ética: De Platão a Foucault. Zahar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
V. F. Martins, M. A. Junqueira, and R. M. de Araujo. 2021. Ética da Pesquisa em Sistemas de Informação: Por que e como submeter meu projeto ao Comitê de Ética?. In Tópicos Especiais em Sistemas de Informação: Minicursos SBSI 2021, D. Viana, T. P. Ribeiro, R. D. Araújo, and F. A. Dorça (Eds.). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbc.6453.5
Ministério da Saúde. Conselho Nacional de Saúde.2007. Manual operacional para comitês de ética em pesquisa. Editora do Ministério da Saúde. https://4658.short.gy/tulAQ2
William Lawrence Neuman. 2014. Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson, New York, NY.
J. Recker. 2021. Scientific research in information systems: a beginner's guide (2 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
M. J. Salganik. 2017. Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
P. Singer. 2022. Ethics. Encyclopedia Britannica. [link] [accessed 09-09-2022].
R. M. Stair and G. W. Reynolds. 2018. Principles of Information Systems (13 ed.). CENGAGE Learning, Boston, MA.
A. S. Vázquez. 2018. Ética (39th ed.). Civilização Brasileira.
R. J. Wieringa. 2014. Design science methodology: For information systems and software engineering. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, London, UK.
E. Wiesel. 2005. Without Conscience. New England Journal of Medicine 352, 15 (2005), 1511–1513. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp058069
Publicado
29/05/2023
Como Citar
CARVALHO, Luiz Paulo; COSTA, Rosa Maria M. Da; SANTORO, Flávia Maria; OLIVEIRA, Jonice.
How to carry out a Brazilian research in computing considering ethical or moral aspects?. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO (SBSI), 19. , 2023, Maceió/AL.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
