Investigating the accessibility of popular mobile Android apps: a prevalence, category, and language study
Resumo
Accessibility in mobile applications is crucial for ensuring that all users, including those with disabilities, can effectively interact with technology. Despite advancements in smartphone integration, significant accessibility challenges remain. This study investigates the accessibility of popular mobile Android apps, examining the prevalence of accessibility issues, categorizing the types of errors, and evaluating the impact of language on accessibility. We evaluated eight widely used apps using the Accessibility Scanner tool and executed them across three languages: Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results indicate that most accessibility issues are related to touch target size (1145) and contrast (594). Furthermore, the execution language affects accessibility, with spanish presenting the highest number of errors (828). This study underscores the importance of integrating accessibility best practices in app development and suggests areas for future research to improve mobile app accessibility.
Palavras-chave:
Mobile accessibility, Android app, Accessibility scanner
Referências
Abdulaziz Alshayban, Iftekhar Ahmed, and Sam Malek. 2020. Accessibility Issues in Android Apps: State of Affairs, Sentiments, and Ways Forward. In 2020 IEEE/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 1323–1334.
Wendong Chen, Long Cheng, Xuewu Chen, Jingxu Chen, and Mengqiu Cao. 2021. Measuring accessibility to health care services for older bus passengers: A finer spatial resolution. Journal of Transport Geography 93 (2021), 103068. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103068
Gabriela AA de Oliveira, Otávio de Faria Oliveira, Stenio de Abreu, Raphael W de Bettio, and André P Freire. 2022. Opportunities and accessibility challenges for open-source general-purpose home automation mobile applications for visually disabled users. Multimedia Tools and Applications (2022), 1–28.
Gabriela Amaral Araújo de Oliveira, Raphael Winckler de Bettio, and André Pimenta Freire. 2016. Accessibility of the smart home for users with visual disabilities: an evaluation of open source mobile applications for home automation. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian symposium on human factors in computing systems. 1–10.
Ruben Horn, Abdellah Lahnaoui, Edgardo Reinoso, Sicheng Peng, Vadim Isakov, Tanjina Islam, and Ivano Malavolta. 2023. Native vs Web Apps: Comparing the Energy Consumption and Performance of Android Apps and their Web Counterparts. In 2023 IEEE/ACM 10th International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft). 44–54. DOI: 10.1109/MOBILSoft59058.2023.00013
Manoel Victor Rodrigues Leite, Lilian Passos Scatalon, André Pimenta Freire, and Marcelo Medeiros Eler. 2021. Accessibility in the mobile development industry in Brazil: Awareness, knowledge, adoption, motivations and barriers. Journal of Systems and Software 177 (2021), 110942. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.110942
Renan Lopes, Agebson Rocha Façanha, and Windson Viana. 2022. I can’t pay! Accessibility analysis of mobile banking apps. In Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (Curitiba, Brazil) (WebMedia ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 253–257. DOI: 10.1145/3539637.3558048
Ribamar Souza Martins, Daniel Mesquita Rabelo, Maria da Conceição Carneiro Araújo, and Windson Viana de Carvalho. 2022. Where is the description? investigating accessibility issues in portuguese versions of smart home apps. In Proceedings of the 21st Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 32, 11 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3554364.3559133
Alberto Dumont Alves Oliveira, Paulo Sérgio Henrique Dos Santos, Wilson Estécio Marcílio Júnior, Wajdi M Aljedaani, Danilo Medeiros Eler, and Marcelo Medeiros Eler. 2023. Analyzing Accessibility Reviews Associated with Visual Disabilities or Eye Conditions. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 37, 14 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3581315
Letícia Seixas Pereira, Maria Matos, and Carlos Duarte. 2024. Exploring Mobile Device Accessibility: Challenges, Insights, and Recommendations for Evaluation Methodologies. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’24). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 964, 17 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3613904.3642526
Leandro Coelho Serra, Lucas Pedroso Carvalho, Lucas Pereira Ferreira, Jorge Belimar Silva Vaz, and André Pimenta Freire. 2015. Accessibility Evaluation of E-Government Mobile Applications in Brazil. Procedia Computer Science 67 (2015), 348–357. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.279 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion.
Christopher Vendome, Diana Solano, Santiago Liñán, and Mario Linares-Vásquez. 2019. Can Everyone use my app? An Empirical Study on Accessibility in Android Apps. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). 41–52. DOI: 10.1109/ICSME.2019.00014
Luciana A.M. Zaina, Renata P.M. Fortes, Vitor Casadei, Leornardo Seiji Nozaki, and Débora Maria Barroso Paiva. 2022. Preventing accessibility barriers: Guidelines for using user interface design patterns in mobile applications. Journal of Systems and Software 186 (2022), 111213. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.111213
Wendong Chen, Long Cheng, Xuewu Chen, Jingxu Chen, and Mengqiu Cao. 2021. Measuring accessibility to health care services for older bus passengers: A finer spatial resolution. Journal of Transport Geography 93 (2021), 103068. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103068
Gabriela AA de Oliveira, Otávio de Faria Oliveira, Stenio de Abreu, Raphael W de Bettio, and André P Freire. 2022. Opportunities and accessibility challenges for open-source general-purpose home automation mobile applications for visually disabled users. Multimedia Tools and Applications (2022), 1–28.
Gabriela Amaral Araújo de Oliveira, Raphael Winckler de Bettio, and André Pimenta Freire. 2016. Accessibility of the smart home for users with visual disabilities: an evaluation of open source mobile applications for home automation. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian symposium on human factors in computing systems. 1–10.
Ruben Horn, Abdellah Lahnaoui, Edgardo Reinoso, Sicheng Peng, Vadim Isakov, Tanjina Islam, and Ivano Malavolta. 2023. Native vs Web Apps: Comparing the Energy Consumption and Performance of Android Apps and their Web Counterparts. In 2023 IEEE/ACM 10th International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft). 44–54. DOI: 10.1109/MOBILSoft59058.2023.00013
Manoel Victor Rodrigues Leite, Lilian Passos Scatalon, André Pimenta Freire, and Marcelo Medeiros Eler. 2021. Accessibility in the mobile development industry in Brazil: Awareness, knowledge, adoption, motivations and barriers. Journal of Systems and Software 177 (2021), 110942. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.110942
Renan Lopes, Agebson Rocha Façanha, and Windson Viana. 2022. I can’t pay! Accessibility analysis of mobile banking apps. In Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (Curitiba, Brazil) (WebMedia ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 253–257. DOI: 10.1145/3539637.3558048
Ribamar Souza Martins, Daniel Mesquita Rabelo, Maria da Conceição Carneiro Araújo, and Windson Viana de Carvalho. 2022. Where is the description? investigating accessibility issues in portuguese versions of smart home apps. In Proceedings of the 21st Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 32, 11 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3554364.3559133
Alberto Dumont Alves Oliveira, Paulo Sérgio Henrique Dos Santos, Wilson Estécio Marcílio Júnior, Wajdi M Aljedaani, Danilo Medeiros Eler, and Marcelo Medeiros Eler. 2023. Analyzing Accessibility Reviews Associated with Visual Disabilities or Eye Conditions. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 37, 14 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3581315
Letícia Seixas Pereira, Maria Matos, and Carlos Duarte. 2024. Exploring Mobile Device Accessibility: Challenges, Insights, and Recommendations for Evaluation Methodologies. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’24). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 964, 17 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3613904.3642526
Leandro Coelho Serra, Lucas Pedroso Carvalho, Lucas Pereira Ferreira, Jorge Belimar Silva Vaz, and André Pimenta Freire. 2015. Accessibility Evaluation of E-Government Mobile Applications in Brazil. Procedia Computer Science 67 (2015), 348–357. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.279 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion.
Christopher Vendome, Diana Solano, Santiago Liñán, and Mario Linares-Vásquez. 2019. Can Everyone use my app? An Empirical Study on Accessibility in Android Apps. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). 41–52. DOI: 10.1109/ICSME.2019.00014
Luciana A.M. Zaina, Renata P.M. Fortes, Vitor Casadei, Leornardo Seiji Nozaki, and Débora Maria Barroso Paiva. 2022. Preventing accessibility barriers: Guidelines for using user interface design patterns in mobile applications. Journal of Systems and Software 186 (2022), 111213. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.111213
Publicado
14/10/2024
Como Citar
ANDRADE, Matheus Gomes de; RABELO, Daniel Mesquita Feijó; MARTINS, Ribamar de Souza; VIANA, Windson.
Investigating the accessibility of popular mobile Android apps: a prevalence, category, and language study. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIMEDIA AND THE WEB (WEBMEDIA), 30. , 2024, Juiz de Fora/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 400-404.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia.2024.242041.