A Coding Efficiency Analysis of V-PCC Substreams on GPU and Mobile Hardware Platforms for Point Cloud Compression
Resumo
Dynamic point clouds demand efficient compression due to their large data volumes. The MPEG Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) standard addresses this by projecting 3D data into 2D substreams encoded with HEVC. While the HEVC Test Model (HM) ensures high efficiency, its complexity hinders practical use. This paper analyzes the coding efficiency of two hardware HEVC encoders when processing V-PCC video substreams: Nvidia NVENC on an RTX 4070 Ti GPU and the Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 on a Samsung Galaxy S23+. Geometry, attribute, and occupancy substreams are encoded directly on each platform and compared with HM under V-PCC test conditions. Results show significant coding efficiency losses for the video substreams: NVENC increases BD-Rate by 167.41% (geometry) and 182.06% (attributes), while Snapdragon achieves 255.61% and 327.72%. For occupancy maps, NVENC required 18.38% more bitrate in lossless mode, whereas Snapdragon achieved 99.9% accuracy with lossy encoding.
Palavras-chave:
GPU, V-PCC, HEVC, mobile, hardware, substreams
Referências
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G. Bjontegaard. 2008. Improvements of the BD-PSNR model. Technical Report VCEGAI11. VCEG.
Vitor Costa, Murilo Perleberg, Luciano Agostini, and Marcelo Porto. 2024. Coding Efficiency and Time Evaluation of Apple A15 Bionic Chipset HEVC Encoder. In 2024 IEEE 15th Latin America Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS). 1–5. DOI: 10.1109/LASCAS60203.2024.10506151
Vítor Costa, Murilo Perleberg, Luciano Agostini, and Marcelo Porto. 2025. Análise da Eficiência de Compressão do Codificador HEVC Embarcado no Smartphone Samsung Galaxy S23 Plus. In Proceedings of the 31st Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 516–520. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia.2025.16013
Termux Developers. 2022. Termux. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
Fast Forward Moving Pictures Experts Group (FFmpeg). [n. d.]. FFmpeg Multimedia Framework. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
Fast Forward Moving Pictures Experts Group (FFmpeg). [n. d.]. FFmpeg Codecs Documentation: MediaCodec. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
Google. [n. d.]. MediaCodec | Android Developers. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
Google. 2024. Android Developers - Android 15. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
D. Graziosi, O. Nakagami, S. Kuma, A. Zaghetto, T. Suzuki, and A. Tabatabai. 2020. An overview of ongoing point cloud compression standardization activities: video-based (V-PCC) and geometry-based (G-PCC). APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing 9 (2020), e13. DOI: 10.1017/ATSIP.2020.12
Fraunhofer HHI. 2018. HEVC Test Model (HM) HM-16.20+SCM-8.8. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
ITU-T. 2024. Recommendation H.265: High efficiency video coding. Standard H.265 (07/24).
MPEG. [n. d.]. Video point cloud compression - VPCC - mpeg-pcctmc2 test model candidate software. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
MPEG. 2020. Common Test Conditions for V3C and V-PCC. Technical Report N19518. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11.
NVIDIA. 2023. GeForce RTX 4070 Family. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
NVIDIA. 2025. NVENC Video Encoder API Programming Guide. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
NVIDIA. 2025. Using FFmpeg with NVIDIA GPU Hardware Acceleration. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
Marius Preda. 2020. V-PCC codec description. [link]
Qualcomm. 2022. Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Mobile Platform. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
Gustavo Rehbein, Guilherme Corrêa, Cristiano Santos, and Marcelo Porto. 2025. Método Rápido para Codificação de Nuvens de Pontos Dinâmicas Baseado em Predição de Particionamento de Blocos. In Proceedings of the 31st Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 358–365. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia.2025.15951
Gustavo Rehbein, Eduardo Costa, Guilherme Corrêa, Cristiano Santos, and Marcelo Porto. 2024. A Machine-Learning-Driven Fast Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC). In Proceedings of the 30th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (Juiz de Fora/MG). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 20–27. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia.2024.242069
Samsung. 2023. Galaxy S23+ Tech Specs. Retrieved June 18, 2026 from [link]
Allan Schuch, Vitor Costa, Daniel Palomino, and Marcelo Porto. 2025. Analysis of Real-Time Hardware-based HEVC Encoders on GPU and Mobile Platforms. In 2025 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP). 1–5. DOI: 10.1109/VCIP67698.2025.11396915
Publicado
27/10/2026
Como Citar
SCHUCH, Allan; REHBEIN, Gustavo; COSTA, Vitor; PALOMINO, Daniel; AGOSTINI, Luciano; PORTO, Marcelo.
A Coding Efficiency Analysis of V-PCC Substreams on GPU and Mobile Hardware Platforms for Point Cloud Compression. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIMEDIA AND THE WEB (WEBMEDIA), 32. , 2026, Lavras/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 536-540.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia.2026.30696.
