Gaming On The Edge: Uma arquitetura de computação na borda para jogos em dispositivos móveis
Resumo
A arquitetura de software padrão para jogos para dispositivos móveis requer o processamento local da lógica do jogo e gráficos. Por sua vez, as arquiteturas de remote gaming em nuvem para dispositivos móveis apresentam alta latência para os comandos de jogo e um alto custo para o provedor do serviço. Esse trabalho propõe a arquitetura Gaming On The Edge (GOTE), que visa permitir que jogos complexos sejam jogados em dispositivos móveis usando computação na borda da rede para processamento de gráficos e distribuição de conteúdo multimídia. Resultados experimentais da avaliação da prova de conceito dessa arquitetura indicam ser esta uma alternativa viável para remote gaming baseado em nuvem para jogos em dispositivos móveis, com menor latência de vídeo e de comandos de jogo. Além disso, uma implementação da arquitetura foi disponibilizada com código aberto para auxiliar futuras pesquisas na área.
Referências
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Messaoudi, F., Ksentini, A., Simon, G., and Bertin, P. (2017). Performance analysis of game engines on mobile and fixed devices. ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl., 13(4).
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Nave, I., David, H., Shani, A., Tzruya, Y., Laikari, A., Eisert, P., and Fechteler, P. (2008). Games@large graphics streaming architecture. In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, pages 1-4.
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Oros, B.-I. and Bâcu, V. I. (2020). Renderlink remote rendering platform for computer games: A webrtc solution for streaming computer games. In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), pages 555-561. IEEE.
Pande, A., Ahuja, V., Sivaraj, R., Baik, E., and Mohapatra, P. (2013). Video delivery challenges and opportunities in 4g networks. IEEE MultiMedia, 20(3):88-94.
Quax, P., Monsieurs, P., Lamotte, W., De Vleeschauwer, D., and Degrande, N. (2004). Objective and subjective evaluation of the influence of small amounts of delay and jitter on a recent first person shooter game. In Proceedings of 3rd ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games, pages 152-156.
Rosenberg, J. (2010). Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols. RFC 5245.
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Zadtootaghaj, S., Schmidt, S., and Möller, S. (2018). Modeling gaming qoe: Towards the impact of frame rate and bit rate on cloud gaming. In 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), pages 1-6. IEEE.
Zhang, X., Chen, H., Zhao, Y., Ma, Z., Xu, Y., Huang, H., Yin, H., and Wu, D. O. (2019). Improving cloud gaming experience through mobile edge computing. IEEE Wireless Communications, 26(4):178-183.
Cai, W., Shea, R., Huang, C.-Y., Chen, K.-T., Liu, J., Leung, V. C. M., and Hsu, C.-H. (2016). A survey on cloud gaming: Future of computer games. IEEE Access, 4:7605-7620.
Chen, J., Koc, U.-V., and Liu, K. R. (2001). Design of digital video coding systems: a complete compressed domain approach. CRC Press.
Eisert, P. and Fechteler, P. (2007). Remote rendering of computer games. SIGMAP, 7:438-443.
GStreamer (2021). Application development manual.
Hardie, T. and Turner, S. (2021). Rtcweb Status Pages: Real-Time Communication in WEB-browsers (Concluded WG).
Jansen, B., Goodwin, T., Gupta, V., Kuipers, F., and Zussman, G. (2018). Performance evaluation of webrtc-based video conferencing. SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev., 45(3):56-68.
Lin, L., Liao, X., Jin, H., and Li, P. (2019). Computation offloading toward edge computing. Proceedings of the IEEE, 107(8):1584-1607.
Liu, F., Tang, G., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Zhang, X., and Zhou, T. (2019). A survey on edge computing systems and tools. Proceedings of the IEEE, 107(8):1537-1562.
Loreto, S. and Romano, S. P. (2014). Real-time communication with WebRTC: peer-to-peer in the browser. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.".
Ludwich, M. K. and Fröhlich, A. A. (2011). Optimizing motion estimation for h. 264 encoding. In Anais do XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web, pages 198-204. SBC.
Messaoudi, F., Ksentini, A., Simon, G., and Bertin, P. (2017). Performance analysis of game engines on mobile and fixed devices. ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl., 13(4).
Mozilla (2021). WebRTC supported video codecs.
Nave, I., David, H., Shani, A., Tzruya, Y., Laikari, A., Eisert, P., and Fechteler, P. (2008). Games@large graphics streaming architecture. In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, pages 1-4.
Newzoo (2021). Global games market report.
NVIDIA (2022). NVENC Video Encoder API Prog Guide: Recommended NVENC Settings.
Oros, B.-I. and Bâcu, V. I. (2020). Renderlink remote rendering platform for computer games: A webrtc solution for streaming computer games. In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), pages 555-561. IEEE.
Pande, A., Ahuja, V., Sivaraj, R., Baik, E., and Mohapatra, P. (2013). Video delivery challenges and opportunities in 4g networks. IEEE MultiMedia, 20(3):88-94.
Quax, P., Monsieurs, P., Lamotte, W., De Vleeschauwer, D., and Degrande, N. (2004). Objective and subjective evaluation of the influence of small amounts of delay and jitter on a recent first person shooter game. In Proceedings of 3rd ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games, pages 152-156.
Rosenberg, J. (2010). Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols. RFC 5245.
Rosenberg, Mahy; Matthews, W. C. (2008). Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN). RFC 5389.
Union, I. T. (2021). H.264: Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. ITU-T H.264 (V14) (08/2021).
Zadtootaghaj, S., Schmidt, S., and Möller, S. (2018). Modeling gaming qoe: Towards the impact of frame rate and bit rate on cloud gaming. In 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), pages 1-6. IEEE.
Zhang, X., Chen, H., Zhao, Y., Ma, Z., Xu, Y., Huang, H., Yin, H., and Wu, D. O. (2019). Improving cloud gaming experience through mobile edge computing. IEEE Wireless Communications, 26(4):178-183.
Publicado
22/05/2023
Como Citar
ROBAINA, Gabriel Pimenta; FIORESE, Adriano.
Gaming On The Edge: Uma arquitetura de computação na borda para jogos em dispositivos móveis. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 41. , 2023, Brasília/DF.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 574-587.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2023.458.
