Orquestração de dispositivos IoT em cenários complexos com interação humana baseada em LLMs
Resumo
O uso de LLMs na orquestração de dispositivos IoT oferece uma alta flexibilidade semântica para a interpretação de comandos, mas sua natureza probabilística impõe desafios à segurança operacional. A possibilidade de alucinações em sistemas de atuação física exige estratégias de mitigação que vão além da capacidade nativa do modelo. Para mitigar esses riscos, propõe-se uma arquitetura híbrida que combina a capacidade generativa das LLMs com uma camada de validação determinística focada em restrições de segurança física. A metodologia avaliou 1.250 cenários únicos de agricultura inteligente, sendo 12.500 execuções no total, atingindo 74,34% de sucesso global. Os resultados indicam que a segurança não é intrínseca ao modelo, mas dependente da engenharia de prompt: instruções técnicas reduziram a taxa de violação de 41,88% para 1,80%. Adicionalmente, métricas de eficiência evidenciaram a compensação entre corretude e custo operacional. E por fim, que o formato XML supera o JSON na injeção de contexto para uma orquestração segura.Referências
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Rivkin, D., Hogan, F., Feriani, A., Konar, A., Sigal, A., Liu, X., and Dudek, G. (2025). Aiot smart home via autonomous llm agents. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(3):2458–2472.
Singh, H., Das, R. J., Han, M., Nakov, P., and Laptev, I. (2025). Malmm: Multi-agent large language models for zero-shot robotic manipulation. In 2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pages 20386–20393.
Vemprala, S. H., Bonatti, R., Bucker, A., and Kapoor, A. (2024). Chatgpt for robotics: Design principles and model abilities. IEEE Access, 12:55682–55696.
Vespoli, S., Mattera, G., Marchesano, M. G., Nele, L., and Guizzi, G. (2025). Adaptive manufacturing control with deep reinforcement learning for dynamic wip management in industry 4.0. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 202:110966.
Xi, Z., Chen, W., Guo, X., He, W., Ding, Y., Hong, B., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Jin, S., Zhou, E., Zheng, R., Fan, X., Wang, X., Xiong, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, W., Jiang, C., Zou, Y., Liu, X., Yin, Z., Dou, S., Weng, R., Qin, W., Zheng, Y., Qiu, X., Huang, X., Zhang, Q., and Gui, T. (2025). The rise and potential of large language model based agents: a survey. Science China Information Sciences, 68(2).
Xiao, B., Kantarci, B., Kang, J., Niyato, D., and Guizani, M. (2025). Efficient prompting for llm-based generative internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(1):778–791.
Zhang, M., Shen, X., Cao, J., Cui, Z., and Jiang, S. (2025a). Edgeshard: Efficient llm inference via collaborative edge computing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(10):13119–13131.
Zhang, X., Dong, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, D., and Cao, F. (2025b). A survey of multi-ai agent collaboration: Theories, technologies and applications. In Proceedings of the 2nd Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Conference on Digital Economy and Artificial Intelligence, DEAI ’25, page 1875–1881, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Cui, H., Du, Y., Yang, Q., Shao, Y., and Liew, S. C. (2025). Llmind: Orchestrating ai and iot with llm for complex task execution. IEEE Communications Magazine, 63(4):214–220.
Friha, O., Amine Ferrag, M., Kantarci, B., Cakmak, B., Ozgun, A., and Ghoualmi-Zine, N. (2024). Llm-based edge intelligence: A comprehensive survey on architectures, applications, security and trustworthiness. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 5:5799–5856.
Geens, R., Shi, M., Symons, A., Fang, C., and Verhelst, M. (2024). Energy cost modelling for optimizing large language model inference on hardware accelerators. In 2024 IEEE 37th International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC), pages 1–6.
He, F., Zhu, T., Ye, D., Liu, B., Zhou, W., and Yu, P. S. (2025). The emerged security and privacy of llm agent: A survey with case studies. ACM Comput. Surv., 58(6).
Hoffmann, J., Borgeaud, S., Mensch, A., Buchatskaya, E., Cai, T., Rutherford, E., de Las Casas, D., Hendricks, L. A., Welbl, J., Clark, A., Hennigan, T., Noland, E., Millican, K., van den Driessche, G., Damoc, B., Guy, A., Osindero, S., Simonyan, K., Elsen, E., Vinyals, O., Rae, J. W., and Sifre, L. (2022). Training compute-optimal large language models. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS ’22, Red Hook, NY, USA. Curran Associates Inc.
Kaplan, J., McCandlish, S., Henighan, T., Brown, T. B., Chess, B., Child, R., Gray, S., Radford, A., Wu, J., and Amodei, D. (2020). Scaling laws for neural language models.
Lamnaour, M., Raiss, M., Mesmoudi, Y., El Khamlichi, Y., Tahiri, A., and Touhafi, A. (2024). A semantic-based middleware for supporting heterogeneity and context-awareness within iot applications. Journal of Communications, page 19–27.
Raiaan, M. A. K., Mukta, M. S. H., Fatema, K., Fahad, N. M., Sakib, S., Mim, M. M. J., Ahmad, J., Ali, M. E., and Azam, S. (2024). A review on large language models: Architectures, applications, taxonomies, open issues and challenges. IEEE Access, 12:26839–26874.
Rivkin, D., Hogan, F., Feriani, A., Konar, A., Sigal, A., Liu, X., and Dudek, G. (2025). Aiot smart home via autonomous llm agents. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(3):2458–2472.
Singh, H., Das, R. J., Han, M., Nakov, P., and Laptev, I. (2025). Malmm: Multi-agent large language models for zero-shot robotic manipulation. In 2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pages 20386–20393.
Vemprala, S. H., Bonatti, R., Bucker, A., and Kapoor, A. (2024). Chatgpt for robotics: Design principles and model abilities. IEEE Access, 12:55682–55696.
Vespoli, S., Mattera, G., Marchesano, M. G., Nele, L., and Guizzi, G. (2025). Adaptive manufacturing control with deep reinforcement learning for dynamic wip management in industry 4.0. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 202:110966.
Xi, Z., Chen, W., Guo, X., He, W., Ding, Y., Hong, B., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Jin, S., Zhou, E., Zheng, R., Fan, X., Wang, X., Xiong, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, W., Jiang, C., Zou, Y., Liu, X., Yin, Z., Dou, S., Weng, R., Qin, W., Zheng, Y., Qiu, X., Huang, X., Zhang, Q., and Gui, T. (2025). The rise and potential of large language model based agents: a survey. Science China Information Sciences, 68(2).
Xiao, B., Kantarci, B., Kang, J., Niyato, D., and Guizani, M. (2025). Efficient prompting for llm-based generative internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(1):778–791.
Zhang, M., Shen, X., Cao, J., Cui, Z., and Jiang, S. (2025a). Edgeshard: Efficient llm inference via collaborative edge computing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(10):13119–13131.
Zhang, X., Dong, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, D., and Cao, F. (2025b). A survey of multi-ai agent collaboration: Theories, technologies and applications. In Proceedings of the 2nd Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Conference on Digital Economy and Artificial Intelligence, DEAI ’25, page 1875–1881, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Publicado
25/05/2026
Como Citar
PERIN, Augusto de O.; PINTO, Marcus V. A.; MACÊDO, Raimundo J. de A.; SANTOS, Bruno P.; PEIXOTO, Maycon L. M.; FIGUEIREDO, Gustavo B.; PRAZERES, Cássio V. S..
Orquestração de dispositivos IoT em cenários complexos com interação humana baseada em LLMs. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 44. , 2026, Praia do Forte/BA.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 1108-1121.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2026.19352.
