CAIROS: Controle Adaptativo do Aprendizado Federado em Redes Sem Fio
Resumo
O aprendizado federado veicular (Vehicular Federated Learning – VFL) é aplicado ao treinamento dos modelos de IA para assegurar a privacidade dos dados dos usuários. Entretanto, os clientes apresentam maior variação no canal de comunicação do que em cenários estáticos devido à alta mobilidade dos clientes, ultrapassando o tempo limite para o envio de resposta da rodada. Isso reduz o desempenho do sistema, pois as atualizações de clientes retardatários são descartadas se ultrapassarem o tempo limite de envio na rodada. Este trabalho propõe o CAIROS, uma estratégia para o treinamento de modelos no aprendizado veicular, que permite que cada cliente estime suas condições de rede e de computação por meio de um modelo LSTM. A partir da estimativa, o cliente decide se continua o treinamento ou antecipa o envio dos parâmetros calculados para evitar o estouro do tempo limite. Os resultados mostram que o CAIROS, comparado ao FedAvg, reduz a incidência de descarte de atualizações por estouro de temporizador no VFL em até 38%, aumentando a acurácia dos modelos treinados em até 25%.Referências
Beutel, D. J. et al. (2020). Flower: A Friendly Federated Learning Research Framework. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.14390.
Chatzoulis, D. et al. (2023). 5G V2X Performance Comparison for Different Channel Coding Schemes and Propagation Models. Sensors, 23(5):2436.
Clancy, J. et al. (2024). Wireless Access for V2X Communications: Research, Challenges and Opportunities. Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
De Souza, L. A. C. et al. (2024). AutoMHS-GPT: Automated Model and Hyperparameter Selection with Generative Pre-Trained Model. Em CloudNet, páginas 1–8. IEEE.
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Horváth, S. et al. (2021). FjORD: Fair and Accurate Federated Learning under heterogeneous targets with Ordered Dropout. Em Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 34, páginas 12876–12889.
Kim, G. et al. (2025). FedAWT: Adaptive Federated Learning via Dynamic Epoch Adjustment for Heterogeneous Clients in Ad-Hoc Networks. Internet of Things, 34:101771.
Krizhevsky, A. et al. (2009). Learning Multiple Layers of Features from Tiny Images.
Liu, J. et al. (2021). Adaptive Asynchronous Federated Learning in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing. Transactions on Mobile Computing, 22(2):674–690.
Mahmoud, S. et al. (2025). Speed Up Federated Learning in Heterogeneous Environments: A Dynamic Tiering Approach. Internet of Things Journal, 12(5).
McMahan, B. et al. (2017). Communication-efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data. Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, páginas 1273–1282.
Nguyen, J. et al. (2022). Federated Learning with Buffered Asynchronous Aggregation. Em International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, páginas 3581–3607. PMLR.
Ono, S. e Nakao, A. (2025). Adaptive Timing Control of Parameter Aggregation in Vehicular Federated Learning. Em ICCE, páginas 1–6. IEEE. ISSN: 2158-4001.
Park, J. et al. (2022). AMBLE: Adjusting Mini-Batch and Local Epoch for Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Devices. JPDC, 170:13–23.
Patanè, R. et al. (2024). Can Vehicular Cloud Replace Edge Computing? Em WCNC. IEEE.
Thomaz, G. A. et al. (2025). AGATA – Arquitetura para Gerenciamento Automático de Tarefas de Aprendizado Federado. Em SBRC, páginas 121–128. SBC.
Wang, Z. et al. (2022). Asynchronous Federated Learning over Wireless Communication Networks. Transactions on Wireless Communications, 21(9):6961–6978.
Wu, W. et al. (2020). SAFA: A Semi-Asynchronous Protocol for Fast Federated Learning with Low Overhead. Transactions on Computers, 70(5):655–668.
Xu, C., Qu, Y., Xiang, Y. e Gao, L. (2023). Asynchronous Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Devices: A Survey. Computer Science Review, 50:100595.
Xu, Z. et al. (2021). Helios: Heterogeneity-aware Federated Learning with Dynamically Balanced Collaboration. Em DAC, páginas 997–1002. IEEE.
Yang, E. et al. (2018). An Adaptive Batch-Orchestration Algorithm for the Heterogeneous GPU Cluster Environment in Distributed Deep Learning System. Em International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp), páginas 725–728. IEEE.
Zhu, Q. et al. (2021). 3GPP TR 38.901 Channel Model. Em The Wiley 5G Ref: The Essential 5G Reference Online, páginas 1–35. Wiley Press Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Chatzoulis, D. et al. (2023). 5G V2X Performance Comparison for Different Channel Coding Schemes and Propagation Models. Sensors, 23(5):2436.
Clancy, J. et al. (2024). Wireless Access for V2X Communications: Research, Challenges and Opportunities. Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
De Souza, L. A. C. et al. (2024). AutoMHS-GPT: Automated Model and Hyperparameter Selection with Generative Pre-Trained Model. Em CloudNet, páginas 1–8. IEEE.
de Souza, L. A. C. et al. (2025). TOFL: Time Optimized Federated Learning. Em SBSeg. SBC.
Gong, J., Liu, W., Pei, M., Wu, C. e Guo, L. (2022). ResNet10: A Lightweight Residual Network for Remote Sensing Image Classification. Em ICMTMA, páginas 975–978.
Horváth, S. et al. (2021). FjORD: Fair and Accurate Federated Learning under heterogeneous targets with Ordered Dropout. Em Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 34, páginas 12876–12889.
Kim, G. et al. (2025). FedAWT: Adaptive Federated Learning via Dynamic Epoch Adjustment for Heterogeneous Clients in Ad-Hoc Networks. Internet of Things, 34:101771.
Krizhevsky, A. et al. (2009). Learning Multiple Layers of Features from Tiny Images.
Liu, J. et al. (2021). Adaptive Asynchronous Federated Learning in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing. Transactions on Mobile Computing, 22(2):674–690.
Mahmoud, S. et al. (2025). Speed Up Federated Learning in Heterogeneous Environments: A Dynamic Tiering Approach. Internet of Things Journal, 12(5).
McMahan, B. et al. (2017). Communication-efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data. Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, páginas 1273–1282.
Nguyen, J. et al. (2022). Federated Learning with Buffered Asynchronous Aggregation. Em International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, páginas 3581–3607. PMLR.
Ono, S. e Nakao, A. (2025). Adaptive Timing Control of Parameter Aggregation in Vehicular Federated Learning. Em ICCE, páginas 1–6. IEEE. ISSN: 2158-4001.
Park, J. et al. (2022). AMBLE: Adjusting Mini-Batch and Local Epoch for Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Devices. JPDC, 170:13–23.
Patanè, R. et al. (2024). Can Vehicular Cloud Replace Edge Computing? Em WCNC. IEEE.
Thomaz, G. A. et al. (2025). AGATA – Arquitetura para Gerenciamento Automático de Tarefas de Aprendizado Federado. Em SBRC, páginas 121–128. SBC.
Wang, Z. et al. (2022). Asynchronous Federated Learning over Wireless Communication Networks. Transactions on Wireless Communications, 21(9):6961–6978.
Wu, W. et al. (2020). SAFA: A Semi-Asynchronous Protocol for Fast Federated Learning with Low Overhead. Transactions on Computers, 70(5):655–668.
Xu, C., Qu, Y., Xiang, Y. e Gao, L. (2023). Asynchronous Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Devices: A Survey. Computer Science Review, 50:100595.
Xu, Z. et al. (2021). Helios: Heterogeneity-aware Federated Learning with Dynamically Balanced Collaboration. Em DAC, páginas 997–1002. IEEE.
Yang, E. et al. (2018). An Adaptive Batch-Orchestration Algorithm for the Heterogeneous GPU Cluster Environment in Distributed Deep Learning System. Em International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp), páginas 725–728. IEEE.
Zhu, Q. et al. (2021). 3GPP TR 38.901 Channel Model. Em The Wiley 5G Ref: The Essential 5G Reference Online, páginas 1–35. Wiley Press Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Publicado
25/05/2026
Como Citar
SOUZA, Lucas Airam C. de; ACHIR, Nadjib; CAMPISTA, Miguel Elias M.; COSTA, Luís Henrique M. K..
CAIROS: Controle Adaptativo do Aprendizado Federado em Redes Sem Fio. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 44. , 2026, Praia do Forte/BA.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 393-406.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2026.19690.
